These brassards were issued for the Normandy invasion to both Britsh and American forces and meant to detect the presence of poison gas (such as mustard gas), which the Allies were afraid Hitler might employ as a desperate measure. These paper armbands were impregnated with the same vesticant detector paint which was also painted on vehicles and helmets. On contact with poison gas, the paper would turn pink or red.
All of these armbands were British made and a few millions were bought by the US Army. They can be found in two shades, brown and green. Some sources say that the green ones were used by the British, but others say that both colors were used by Tommies and Yanks alike.